The brain weighs 1250-1400 g, and the spinal cord - 30 g. Brain designers form the extoderm. Parts of the central nervous system develop in the first twelve weeks of intrauterine life. Maternal infections or toxic damage during this period can lead to congenital damage to the central nervous system. The cranial end of the neural tube develops in the brain and the development of the caudal part in the spinal cord. The brain and spinal cord are effectively protected by the skull and spinal canal, respectively. Within the bony structures of the dura-matar and arachnoid magician, the brain and the spinal cord are inserted. The derma-mater is attached to the bone structures at the entrance or exit of blood vessels and nerves. The space between the arachnoid mother and the piaman, which inserts the brain (subarachnoid space), contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which is secreted by the vascular plexuses in the lateral, third and fourth ventricles.
CSF escapes into the common subarachnoid space through the holes on the roof of the fourth ventricle (the hole of Majinji and Lushki) for circulation around the brain and spinal cord. It returns to the dural venous sinuses through the arachnoid villi. The total number of CSF is 130-150 ml. It provides a cushioning effect and proper electrolyte environment for nerve cells. The normal CSF pressure in the lumbar subarachnoid space, when the patient lies quietly on one side, is 50-150 mm of water. Maneuvers, such as training, coughing, sneezing and squeezing of the jugular veins with obstructive venous return from the head and neck, lead to a rapid increase in CSF tension. Piama, thin and transparent, tight to the surface of the brain. The blood vessels that run across the surface penetrate this membrane and reach the internal structures. With these vessels is the shell of the PIA, and this is the space of Virchow Robin. The brain receives blood supply from the internal carotid and vertebral arteries. These two systems effectively communicate between them, in the circle of Willis. This arrangement ensures optimal distribution of blood in different areas of supply, as well as provides criminal treatment in case of suppression of any of the main contracts.
More than 25% of the cardiac output enters the brain, which has intense metabolic activity. The brain uses glucose for its metabolism. Disruption of blood flow and hypoglycemia leads to the rapid development of neurological dysfunction. The contracts that supply the brain are, in a sense, the end arteries. This refers to the perforating branches that arise from the main arterial trunks to supplement the deeper parts of the nervous tissue. all vasogenic areas of large arterial departments have a significant overlap. Congenital changes are not uncommon. In addition, an anastomosis may develop between the external carotid artery and the internal carotid artery. Due to these factors, the amount of infarction and the anatomical blood supply to the brain may not always correlate. Cerebral blood flow is subject to dynamic changes, depending on cardiac output, the state of vascular tone of the brain, the presence of external effects, such as accelerating or gravitational forces. Venous blood from the inside of the brain merges through the cerebral veins into the direct sinus.
Cerem consists of an outer gray matter containing neurons and an inner white matter consisting of myelinated nerve fibers. This arrangement is observed in the cerebellum. The white matter in the spinal cord is external, and the gray matter, which is located both the front and rear horns, is internal. Buclei masses, such as the striatum of the body, are considered to be islands of gray matter deep inside the brain. On both sides, the brain is divided into the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe and occipital lobe. The functions of all parts of the cerebral cortex were accurately mapped, and these functional areas were numbered. The nuclear masses of gray matter contained in the cerebellum are the nucleus of the dentatus and emboliformis.
