Internal painting requires careful preparation of surfaces, as well as external painting. The appearance of odorless paintings now allows you to paint at any time of the year. Previously, most of the interior work in the house was done in the fall or spring, when it was possible to leave the windows open to ventilate the room. But open windows bought dust in the room to paint the finished painted surface.
A good job in the interior is often 50% of the preparation and 50% of the painting. Do not rush to prepare the surface in their desire to get to the brush or roller. If you do not prepare the surface properly, you will return with a brush or roller after a few months.
In this section you will find the necessary information on the application of various types of paintings on various internal walls, ceiling and floor materials.
Plaster
New dry plaster in good condition, which must be treated with a paint other than water-based paint, must be applied with a primer sealant and completely dried before being checked for uniform appearance. Variations of gloss and color differences in the case of tinted primers show whether the entire surface has been completely covered. If not, a second layer of primer sealant should be applied. If only a few “suction stains” are visible, a second layer may be sufficient above these areas.
A flat, semi-glossy or shiny surface can be applied to the primed surface. For a flat finish, two layers of flat paint should follow the primer coating. For a semi-gloss surface, apply one coat of flat paint and one coat of semi-gloss paint on the primed surface. For a glossy finish over the primer layer, use one layer of semi-gloss paint and one layer of glossy enamel.
Before applying water-based paints of calcimine on new plastered walls, the size of which should be the size, either with the use of adhesive water, or, if the plaster is dry, thin varnish or primer-sealant.
Casein-type cold water paints can be applied either directly onto the plastered surface, or the surface can first be applied to the primer layer to smooth out uneven suction effects. The same applies to resin-emulsion paints, while the recommendations of the manufacturer of the product are preferred in case of doubt. Since resin emulsion paints usually contain some amount of oil in the binder, they should usually be applied only on plaster, which served thoroughly.
Texture wall paint can also be used on plaster surfaces. The advantages of this type of paint are that a single layer economically produces textured decoration and removes the monotony of smooth flat paint. It also covers cracks or stains in the cast more completely than ordinary wall paint. The disadvantages of texture wall paints are that they collect dust and are difficult to restore to a smooth surface. These materials are available as water-based or oil-based paints, thicker than ordinary wall paints and can be used on a wall plate, as well as on plaster to produce textured effects such as random, Spanish, mission and multicolored.
Wall composition
A composite wall panel usually presents no particular difficulty in painting if regular precautions are observed, for example, that the surface is dry and does not contain fats and oils. The procedure for painting wall panels is the same as for plaster; it requires a primer and a sealing coating, followed by any finishing coating, or it can be applied with a single-layer flat or resin emulsion paint.
Wallpaper
Paint diluted with water can be applied to wallpapers that are well glued to the wall and do not contain dyes that can bleed into the paint. One thickness of wallpaper is preferred for applying paint. Paints other than those diluted with water may also be applied to the wallpaper, following the directions given for painting the plaster. However, wallpaper coated with such paint is difficult to remove without damaging plaster.
Wooden walls and finishes
New interior walls and woodwork should be smoothed with sand paper and dusty before painting or varnishing. To preserve the grain of wood, the surface can be cleaned with linseed oil, varnished or chopped and wet. If an opaque finish is required, a semi-gloss paint diluted with 1 pint of dead end per gallon of paint, or a primer sealant previously described for walls, can be used as a primer coating on wood. Then, one or two layers of semi-gloss paint should be applied over a thoroughly dry primer, or if a glossy finish is required, the last layer should be glossy enamel.
Walls and ceilings of Freemasonry
Interior walls of masonry and ceilings above the grade can, in general, be painted in the same way as plaster surfaces. It also requires sufficient time to dry the masonry before applying the paint and, moreover, attention should be paid to surface preparation. When finishing a wall containing Portland cement (eg concrete), you must take precautions against an alkali attack. To do this, you can use alkaline-resistant primers, such as rubber paints, when oil paints should follow.
Water-based cement paints are best suited for application to basement walls that are wet due to leakage or condensation. To apply these paints, follow the same procedure as here for painting exterior walls of masonry.
Concrete floors
Two main types of paints for concrete floors - lacquer and rubber base. Each of them has its limitations, and the finish cannot be fixed without a scrolled area. Enamel floor and lacquer varnish type provides good service on concrete floors above the level where there is no moisture.
Rubber paints that are dried to a solid semi-gloss surface can be used on concrete floors below the level, provided that the floor is not constantly wet from leaking and condensation.
The paint should not be applied on the concrete floor of the basement until the concrete has increased for at least a year. The floor should be dry when painting, the best time for use in winter or early spring time (provided that there is some heating device in the basement) when the humidity in the basement is low. As a rule, three layers of paint are required on an unpainted floor, and the first layer must be thin to ensure good penetration. After the paint is dry, it should be protected by a coat of floor wax.
When repainting concrete floors where the existing paint was waxed and in good condition, with the exception of some worn areas, the surface should be cleaned with rags fitted with turpentine or petroleum spirits, and wiped with steel wool in a wet state to remove all wax before repainting, If it is it will not be done, the paint will not stick and dry satisfactorily, if the old paint is badly worn, it should be removed by treatment with a solution of 2 pounds. caustic soda (household liquor) up to 1 gallon of hot water. It can be wiped on the surface and left for 30 minutes, after which the floor can be cleaned with hot water and cleaned with a large steel scraper. Another method of application is to apply a thin layer of sawdust that has been saturated with caustic solution above the floor and allows it to stand overnight. The next morning, the floor can be washed with hot water, and the paint scraped off. Then rinse the surface thoroughly with clean water.
If a rubber base is used, the treatment of caustic soda may be ineffective and it may be necessary to use a paint remover agent from organic solvent.
Caution: - When using caustic soda or lye, avoid splashing of eyes, skin and clothing.
Interior metal
Internal metal, such as heating grids, radiators and open water pipes, should be painted to avoid rust and make them as invisible as possible. The new metal should be cleaned of grease and dirt by washing with mineral spirits, and any rust should be removed by grinding, after which a metal primer should be applied. The finish can be either flat paint or semi-gloss enamel.
If you are unsure about using a primer on metal, the seller or manufacturer of paints will provide you with this information depending on the type of metal to be painted.
Usually, in open galvanized metal ducts, a zinc dust-zinc oxide paint primer is used before applying the topcoat.
Paintings can be applied with a brush or spray; A small spray device for vacuum cleaners is very convenient, especially for painting radiators.
Brass lighting fixtures and antennas can be polished and kept bright by coating with metal lacquers. Pressurized varnishes can be sprayed directly from the container. Old-fashioned or unattractive lighting fixtures can be painted with ceiling or wall paint to match the surrounding surfaces.
Special surfaces
PLEASE
White and lime paint should be thin when applied. In fact, the best results will be obtained if the application is so thin that the surface to which it is applied can be easily seen through the film while it is wet. The coating will be opaque, but two thin coats give better results than a single thick coat.
A large white brush is best for washing. You should not try to clear the coating, as when applying oil paint, but simply apply the white eye as evenly and quickly as possible.
The main ingredient of white is lime paste. A satisfactory paste can be made from hydrated lime, but better results are obtained using quicklime, which has been ground with enough water to make it moderately hard. Lime paste should be stored in a closed container for at least several days. Eight gallons of hard lime paste can be made by rolling 25 kg. quicklime in 10 gallons of water or by sifting 50 pounds. hydrated lime in 6 gallons of water. After soaking the paste should be applied to a thin screen to remove pieces or foreign matter.
White can be made from various combinations of lime and other ingredients. The following two formulas are satisfactory.
Casein, which serves as a bonding adhesive, should be soaked in 2 gallons of hot water until fully softened, which should be approximately 2 hours. After dissolving trisodium phosphate in 1 gallon of water, it should be added to casein, stirring the mixture until casein is dissolved. This solution should be mixed with lime paste and 3 gallons of water.
Salt and alum should be dissolved in 4 gallons of hot water, after which molasses can be added to the mixture. The resulting clear solution is then added to the lime paste, mixed vigorously and diluted with water to the desired consistency. This whitewash has a yellow tint when first applied, but the color disappears after a few days, leaving a white film.
Another satisfactory whitewash can be obtained by diluting moderately heavy cold lime (about 33 pounds of hydrated lime and 8 gallons of water) with 5 gallons of skimmed milk.
The area covered with gall whitewash depends on the nature of the surface, but usually a gallon will cover about 225 square meters. Feet of wood, about 180 square meters. Feet of brick and about 270 square meters. Feet on plaster. These formulas will be from 10 to 14 gallons of white. If a smaller quantity is required, the amount of each ingredient should be reduced proportionally.
grain
Do you want a dipping effect (tiny dots of paint) as a decorative effect, or if you have a wall with a rough surface and you feel that you can hide a defect by throwing it away, you can accomplish this result very simply.
For the cover you need a special brush; get one that is flat and has short, stiff bristles.
The first step is to varnish the surface using an ordinary brush or spray gun or roller. Then, while the surface is still wet, take a dry brush and vigorously, with short strokes, drive the ends or bristles into the wet paint. Be sure not to touch. The result will be clusters of points. Every few minutes, wipe the brush with a cloth so that the ends of the bristles are clean and dry.
stencil
You may want on the walls, and sometimes on the floors and ceilings, in some rooms or corridors. You can buy or create your own stencils, which should be on paper, stencil, plastic or metal. Avoid lightweight paper stencils, which will be soaked when touched with wet paint. Your paint dealer will offer the best paint for you, since it will depend on what you want to put stencils on. Heavy paint is usually used, so it will not spread under the stencil while you are applying it.
The stencil should be firmly fixed on the surface with one hand, and the stencil brush quickly processed it with the other hand. Or, if you have an assistant, it’s best to have one person hold the stencil steady and the other draw. When removing the stencil, make sure you take it away without smudging.
