There was a time when the world turned out to be a small place. A small region, a village, a city, a city, has become one of the world's most self-contained and complete, and in this region, everyone moved on foot. But alternatives have become necessary for the old, the infirm, and those who have been disabled for walking, or those who need to move faster. For a long time people rode. In Calcutta, teak, a public palanquin that could be hired, and a horse-drawn carriage were the earliest known means of public transportation. In those days of the purdah system, special screened palanquins were made for women, and then the lighter, open ones looked more like chairs of a sedan and were called tonjon. All of them disappeared from the roads, but according to the latest count in 1987, 33 of them were found on Maidan, Strand, Rajabazar and Kidderpore for joy.
Around 1900 AD A rickshaw was introduced, initially for talks on floods, swampy streets, but became a permanent feature on city roads. By 1913, they were commercially used with Chinese renters. In the 1920s, they became completely individualized.
The only form of mass public transport was water. When the Hoara station opened in 1854 so that passengers could move from one city to another by train, these passengers had to cross the river in boats and launches. At about this time alone, with three horses, the short distance between Dharamtala and Barakka filled up. In 1864 horse buses were also introduced on a commercial basis, but this venture was unsuccessful.
The transport system was transformed with the arrival of trams on the scene, and this is undoubtedly the most successful form of public transport. It was launched on an experimental basis by the Peace Judges in 1873 between the Sealdah station and the Armenian Ghat. However, it was soon privatized, because it was not profitable. In 1878, a British tram engineering company built an eight-pass system and sold it to Calcutta Tramways. Soon, horse-drawn trams could be seen in Willahdah, Dalhousie, Chitpur, Chowangi, Dharamtale, Strand Road, Shyam Bazar, Hidirpur and Wellesley.
The next participant in the transportation scene was a steam engine car, followed by an electric traction system for trams. For a long time, trams remained the only form of public transport in Calcutta. The first car was spotted on city roads in 1896. Commercial use of cars as a taxi began in 1906 and became a popular form of transport, especially for the elite. The bus entered service in 1920, and it took a tram strike to give the bus a much needed push. Double-decker buses arrived on the scene in 1926, and by 1935 bus service operations had been privatized.
As the population continued to grow, the city of Calcutta was ready to burst at the seams with people. Only 6.5% of the city’s area was used for roads, unlike 23% in Delhi. The inevitable dispute was chaotic motion, and this continued to deteriorate. Calcutta has become famous for its traffic jams, the streets with bottle felt and has reached anywhere in the time, a dream come true. The masses who discussed trivial problems surprisingly calmed down on the problem of traffic and chaos on the roads. Problems continued to multiply, and soon there was a need for a new mass transport system that could spread throughout the city. Thus, India received its massive rapid transport system in the form of a subway in Calcutta. This underground network is even today, Calcutta’s pride, because it’s one service that remained as clean and efficient as it was when it was launched. Used by thousands of people every day, he somewhat solved a traffic crisis that could have spoiled Calcutta several decades ago. The best thing that happened to Calcutta is to save on pollution, noise, congestion, and high temperature. Today it extends through the suburbs of the city and the process of expanding its network continues.
