In an era of growth and development, all countries are trying to rise to global standards in all areas. The key areas commonly identified by most economists are socio-economic transformations. Economic indicators: income from capital, gross domestic product, net domestic product, share in world trade, foreign exchange reserves, etc. From a social point of view, drinking water, reliable electricity, good sanitary conditions, a viable transport system, etc. , Millions of people in our country dream that India will become an economic superpower in 2020.
This will be possible only through balanced growth in all sectors. At present, the picture of growth in cities and capital cities is larger compared to rural areas. This creates an economic imbalance in our social system.
Over the years, poverty, unemployment, and excess population have been our major weakness. Among the three above, poverty and unemployment are directly correlated. The creation of jobs will lead to a reduction in the poverty line. Previous studies on people living below the poverty line clearly show that most of them live in rural areas. Therefore, focusing on the rural mass is the need of the hour.
After independence, the government of India launched countless social and economic welfare programs, despite poverty and unemployment. Previous programs such as the Integrated Rural Development Program (IRDP), the Development of Women and Children in Rural Areas (DWCRA), the Rural Self-Employment Training for Young People (TRYSEM), the Supply of Improved Rural Toolkits (SITRA) and Ganga Kalyan Yojana (GKY ) were conceived as complementary to each other, to achieve the broader goal of alleviating rural poverty. Over the years, however, erosion has occurred in the implementation of programs. They were conceived as integrated programs with the aim of complementing each other's energy efforts. However, each program was implemented as a separate and independent program, which was more focused on achieving individual program goals. Thus, all the consequences of anti-poverty programs were less than expected from them. Therefore, the programs were revised, and Swaranjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY) was launched in April 1999, and self-employment programs were created instead.
SGSY is a holistic program, and the goal of SGSY is to help poor families (Swarozgaris) go beyond the poverty line. Under SGSY, poor families are organized into self-help groups (SHGs) through a social mobilization process. SGSY provides training and capacity building and provides earning assets through a combination of bank loans and government grants. This is a credit scheme. Here, credit plays a dominant role, and the subsidy is the providing component.
In accordance with this scheme, financial assistance may be provided to individuals or groups (self-help groups) related to families below the poverty line. However, the focus will be on a group approach. SGSY involves the creation of activity clusters by selecting about 10 key operations per block. The program is implemented in the rural areas of all states / UT (except Delhi and Chandigarh) 1
The main idea of the GSP scheme is taken from the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD). IFAD (1989) is very similar to the SHG program, which was organized by an international social welfare agency. The headquarters of IFAD is in Rome. IFAD focused on providing subsidized individual loans to people below the poverty line for activities such as animal husbandry, horticulture, sericulture, Khadi, and manual labor. The Indian bank has played a key role in financing these schemes. The scheme was implemented in 75 trade unions from 8 districts on a selective basis. The IFAD project was successfully completed in 1998. Considering the positive results of this scheme, the state governments in India wanted to continue this scheme. Therefore, a separate wing was created within the social welfare department to continue this scheme. Currently, HHG is used as the main means of poverty eradication.
The study was conducted for the following purposes:
Examine the origins, growth and development of self-help groups
To understand the marketing of self-help group products
Analysis of the marketing problems of self-help groups
Know self-employment activities conducted by self-help groups
HISTORY OF PLANES
Self-help groups first appeared in MYRADA in 1985. In 1986 - 87 in the MYRADA projects there were about three hundred GSPs. Many of them arose due to the collapse of large cooperatives organized by MYRADA. In these areas, several members asked MYRADA to revitalize the credit system. They usually came in groups of 15-20. Recalling the loans that they took out of the cooperative, they offered to return them to MRARA, but not to the cooperative, in which several people prevailed in their experience. MYRADA employees offered to return the money to themselves, in other words, to members who came to the group to submit their case to MYRADA. After some hesitation, they decided to continue meeting in these small groups. MYRADA staff realized that they would need training: how to arrange a meeting, set an agenda, etc. Efforts were made to systematically train members. The analysis revealed that the members were interconnected by a degree of intimacy based on trust and support; they were also often homogeneous in terms of income or occupation (for example, agricultural workers), but not always. Caste and religion played a role, but in several groups the relationship of proximity and economic homogeneity was stronger; as a result, several groups included different castes and religions. Since the inception of the first GSP in 1985 to incorporate the WBG strategy into the annual plan for 2000/01 (Government of India, 2000), the National Bank of Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) has taken a number of important steps, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and leading NGOs, as well as multilateral institutions, in particular IFAD. The GSP strategy is an important component of the overall government effort to alleviate poverty and has been included in every annual plan since 2000.
SUGGESTIONS
1. In the field of research there is no male SHG. Promotion of male GSP can be offered in the field of study.
2. Knowledge of family planning should be provided to group members, since most of them have 4-6 members in their family.
3. Make each group member attend the meeting regularly.
4. Motivate group members.
5. It is necessary to take strict measures in order not to participate in the meeting.
6. Necessary steps should be taken to deposit the collected amount in nationalized and cooperative banks to promote rural development.
7. Steps must be taken so that all members of the group can immediately attend the self-study program.
8. The self-employment training program must be appropriate for the environment.
9. Groups must effectively use the loan amount.
10. The number of self-employment activities should be increased.
11. The group must have adequate coordination.
12. Government agencies can promote product marketing at the state level.
13. The self-help group mainly focused on the brine business. Self-help groups should pay close attention to other areas in order to increase business diversification, which can bring them greater profits.
14. The development of women depends largely on their income level. Currently, most women join self-help groups and do their work. From the research, the products produced were mainly sold in the village and district. They are not focused on marketing at the state level. This may be due to the lack of cooperation with other states or a financial lake. Thus, the central government must give appropriate coordination to the self-help group in order to receive a loan from a nationalized bank, and each state must cooperate with them to allow the sale of products of other state self-help groups.
15. The government should organize the majority of the members of the training program and the way of presenting the advertisement, as well as government channels can broadcast advertisements of the self-help group with a small amount or free of charge. This can help them easily advertise their product with less. The public can also know about the product through advertising.
16. Most self-help groups follow the direct method of selling products. This may be due to reluctance of sellers. The government can provide subsidies to store owners, as well as other purchases, such as shopping malls, a big bazaar, etc. It can increase product sales.
17. The government should take the necessary steps to increase the sales of self-help groups. The government should ensure the purchase of certain products, such as the handy crafts of the Seri culture, etc., which can increase the income self-help group members. The government should take the necessary measures to increase the number of self-help groups in order to empower women. The government should allocate an adequate fund for running a small business, such as preparing paper cups, etc.
Self-help groups are created to empower women. This is only possible through the encouragement of self-help groups in several small industries. From the above study, it turns out that most self-help groups include self-employment amounts and sell their products. However, they need government support to improve their operations. If governments defiantly do this, their economic level can be improved.
