Nicolas Copernicus (1473, 1543) was obviously a renaissance, accountable for what many have called the "Copernican Revolution." Among the most serious contributions of Copernicus in the field of astronomy. Copernicus positioned the sun in the center of the universe, and not on planet Earth. The preliminary system, the Ptolemy model, was geocentric (with the Earth in the middle of the universe). In 1543, in his "On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres", he released his theory (which he developed much earlier). While he still had planets in circles in comparison with ellipses, he suggested that these circles do not have a single object. Although there would be a center of gravity, as well as a lunar sphere, he stated that the middle of the earth is not the center of the universe. He stated that the Earth is among the 7 planets inside the solar system inside the sun, which is stationary. He stated that the rotation of the Earth is activated by movements, revolution and the annual inclination of the axis. It coincided with the experts in front of him that the distance from Earth to sunlight is negligible compared to the distance from Earth to stars. Tycho Brahe was among the heirs of Copernicus; However, the Tikhonic system was essentially a geocentric model, incorporating several mathematical foundations of heliocentric versions.
Galileo Galilei (1564-1642), developed on the basis of the career of Copernicus. In addition, strongly believing in heliocentric design, Galileo was placed under house arrest for most of his life for believing him after a trial in Rome. He was known as a heretic, thinking of the Sun, and not of the Earth, of the fixed center of the Universe. In recent years, the Church has recognized that its control over the cause of Galileo is regrettable. In 1610, Galileo published the “Star Envoy”, which reported on the discoveries of his four moons of Jupiter, the surface roughness of the moon, stars invisible to the naked eye, and the differences between the appearance of the planets in addition to fixed stars. He also published observations on the entire range of the phases of Venus and published on tides. Galileo's theory was that the tides were caused by the infiltration of water and water into the sea on the surface of the Earth, which accelerated for some time as a result of the Earth & 39; with rotation. However, this is not true (since the tides are caused by the moon). Galileo also very importantly put forward the fundamental idea of relativity (the rules of physics are exactly the same in any system that moves with frequent speeds in a straight line). Galileo was one of the first to observe the sunspot, not mistakenly attributing to his transit of Mercury. Galileo additionally showed that diminishing material bodies, similar, but different masses, have the same times of descent. In fact, the time of descent has no mass. Galileo additionally demonstrated that there are as many perfect squares as right numbers, although most numbers are not perfect squares; since you will find not squares and squares, and only a few numbers are squares for which there are fewer squares than non-square numbers. However, for each number there is a square. So actually there is a 1: 1 ratio from non-squares to squares.
Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) is responsible for preparing the Kepler rules on planetary motion. These laws include the orbit of each earth - it is an ellipse with the Sun among two foci, that is, the line connecting the Sun, and the planet sweeps equal parts at equal intervals, which is the square of the orbital time of any planet directly proportional to the cube of its axis semi-axes. Kepler was one of the first to add the field of physics, as well as the field of astronomy. This caused some controversy, although his concepts became much more widely read, and also after his death. When Newton derived Kepler's laws from the principle of general gravity, they became part of the theoretical canon of the scientific revolution.
