HUMAN DIGESTION:
Food is served in the mouth, where it is chewed, mixed with saliva, which is secreted by the glands in the mouth. After grinding, some of the food is collected in the tongue. It is then swallowed, and the opening in the larynx is closed with a small piece of tissue called the epiglottis. This valve prevents food from entering the respiratory tract. If some food gets into this area, then when you cough, a reflux action occurs to force the food out.
Food passes from the esophagus into the stomach, contractions of the muscular wall of the stomach provide further mixing and mechanical disintegration of food, which at the same time is mixed with the gastric juice secreted by the stomach.
The stomach has a mucous membrane and is protected from gastric juice, which contains enzymes and hydrochloric acid. Food is broken up into smaller particles for easier absorption into the bloodstream, and the rest of the food passes into the small intestine and duodenum through the pyloric sphincter valve, the muscular ring at the end of the stomach and intestines.
In the small intestine, rhythmic movements of the walls mix food and mix it with digestive juices, which include pancreas and bile juices (the bile is produced by the liver and stored by the gall bladder), then further digestion occurs as a result of the action of the enzymes present in these juices.
Absorption of digestive nutrients occurs mainly through the mucous membrane of the small intestine. The rhythmic movements of the intestine cause unabsorbed food, and waste is released from the blood into the large intestine, where water is absorbed by the intestinal walls and partially dehydrated material passes into the rectum, from which it is excreted from the body through the anus as feces.
OFFICIAL RUMINANT SY STEM
The name of the ruminant means “the buzzing of the cud”, and this name is given to these mammals by four-legged, cloned hooves, such as cattle, sheep, goats, ruminants.
Other groups of ruminants include antelopes, deer, camels, llamas, hippos, sloths and kangaroos.
The ruminant stomach has a stomach consisting of four compartments (camels have three).
ROOMS:
The food is partially chewed, then swallowed, and it passes into the first compartment, called the scar. The large stomach does not contain digestive juices or excretory glands, and food is attacked by a large number of living protozoa, microbes and bacteria that are already present in the stomach walls of ruminants. The breakdown of cellulose, in which plants mainly consist of this part of the stomach, and from time to time erupts in mouth to mouth in small quantities and slowly chewed to cellulose, and when food is again swallowed, it enters the second compartment called reticulum.
RETEKUM:
This area of the stomach further destroys the pulp and transfers it to the third compartment, called omas.
Omazum:
Omasum contains large leaf-like structures that increase the surface area for effective absorption of water, where the muscles are mixed and reduce it until it enters the fourth compartment, called rennet.
ABOMASUM:
"True stomach" Acorn is very similar to ours. This organ secretes gastric juice, it contains hydrochloric acid, which kills most germs and begins to digest them, and their contents are then absorbed to provide the necessary vitamins, minerals and amino acids.
Cats have a specialized metabolism due to the presence of digestive bacteria. Protein needs are supplied by rumen bacteria, which use simple urea substances and inorganic sulphates to produce these proteins. This is the main difference between ruminants and other animals, because they produce their own protein. Protein is a dietary requirement for all other animals.
TEETH:
In most ruminants (cattle, sheep, goats), there is a lack of upper incisors, which are replaced by hard “dental stick”, well-formed by even lower incisors. Well developed molars and premolars for the grinding movement - “Lateral”. Toothless gap between incisors and premolars allows the language to manipulate food. Chewing movements act as stimuli, leading to an increase in salivation, especially on the side on which chewing takes place. In cattle, up to 200 liters can be produced within 24 hours. Saliva is rich in bicarbonate, which serves to neutralize fatty acids formed during fermentation.
DIFFERENCES:
Sheep breeding
Specialized tongue and lip to grip and tear.
Well developed molars and premolars for grinding, “lateral” movement.
In most ruminants, the upper teeth are replaced by the “Dental Pad”.
The gap between premolars and molars allows the tongue to manipulate food in small amounts before swallowing.
Mouth taken in food.
Integrated digestive system (four stomachs).
Regurgitation of chewing gum for chewing at rest, one set of teeth for life, the teeth are flat, with age.
Proteins need the help of scar bacteria.
Herbivores - no meat.
People:
The movement of the upper and lower teeth "Vertical". The incisors and canines produce a shearing action used to cut food, premolars and molars for grinding and crushing.
Two sets of teeth - loss through decay and unhealthy diet - are replaced by prostheses (False Teeth).
Food is taken in the mouth.
Digestive system (single stomach).
Protein is a dietary requirement and is provided by the consumption of various foods.
Vomiting is more common in predators and omnivores. Strong expulsion of the contents of the stomach from the mouth.
A variety of products for various other nutrients.
Poor health, weather changes, irritability and stress can affect the digestive processes.
Omnivors - meat and plants.
ACCESSORIES:
Food, water and oxygen to sustain life, we require similar nutrients and waste products.
