The bones that make up a joint are usually congruent and connected to each other. When this ratio changes due to injury, it results in the separation of these bones, called dislocations.
What you don’t have to do is just as important as what you need when someone has moved. Let's discuss how to recognize when the bones have gone astray, and the right way to cope with such an emergency.
A fracture is often mistaken for dislocation, especially if it occurs near a joint, such as the upper end of the femur (femur), which is located near the hip joint, or the upper end of the shoulder (humerus) bone, which is near the shoulder joint. What distinguishes them is that the fraction is a violation of the continuity of any one bones.
Older people are more susceptible to dislocations, because with age, the muscles and ligaments that form the support system around the joints lose their tone, weakening their grip on the joints.
Other susceptible groups, especially for shoulder dislocation, are those who participate in active sports such as gymnastics and cricket (bowling and field games).
DISTRIBUTION OF THE SHOULDERS
This is the most common dislocation site, because the shoulder joint is shallow compared to another hinge, the thigh, which is deeper and therefore more stable. The cause is usually an injury, as a rule, when during a fall a person lands on an outstretched arm (thereby throwing body weight on it) and the rest of his body is thrown back.
Symptoms:
- When two shoulders are compared, the victim will be flatter (the normal shoulder has a rounded contour), because the ball has moved to its place.
- There will be pain and swelling, and the person will be able to move the injured hand.
NOT
- try to click the joint in place, especially if you are not trained in this, and the dislocation occurred for the first time. In fact, do not even move your hand; Let the person keep him in the position that he finds most comfortable.
- give something by mouth, including painkillers (even if a person screams about it), in case anesthesia should be later introduced to the hospital.
Your priority should be to urgently transport the person to the hospital. Sometimes, if the circumflex nerve in the shoulder joint is damaged, it can lead to paralysis of the deltoid muscles (shoulder), which makes it impossible to raise the arm.
If time permits (during transportation), the injured arm can be supported by cuffs with cuffs, i.e. E. A bandage with stripes running around the neck and wrist, or a triangular sling.
(In the hospital, after the x-ray is taken, the bone will be placed in place, very often under general anesthesia).
Periodic shoulder dislocations in which the shoulder continues to cause dislocation as a result of a trivial crime or even actions associated with raising a hand over the shoulder are common. The cause is a tear in the tissue around the joint, which becomes a weak area through which bone easily passes.
As the frequency of such dislocations increases, the pain reaches such an extent that pupils-students click back to the place without much noise.
HIP DEFLECTIONS
The hip joint has a defective nest compared to the shoulder joint and has the strongest ligaments of the body surrounding it, therefore it is inherently a very stable joint. But it can lead to dislocation as a result of a high-speed car accident. If a person is sitting in the front seat of a vehicle, cross-legged on a knee, when the dashboard hits a knee, force is delivered from the knee along the femur to the hip joint, which usually dislocates the hip joint.
Symptoms:
- Severe pain in the area; a person will not be able to stand on the affected leg.
- The leg will be bent (bent) on the knee and hip.
- The limit can also be reduced.
NOT:
- try to click the joint in place or move the leg in any way.
- give the person something to eat or drink if he needs to give anesthesia later.
Immediately arrange transportation of a person lying on his back and preferably in an ambulance. If treatment is delayed and the surrounding blood vessels are disturbed, the blood supply to the hip joint ball can be permanently cut off, leading to early wear of the hip joint and arthritis of the hip joint. If the dislocation is associated with damage to the sciatic nerve, which is located in the immediate vicinity of the thigh, it can lead to paralysis of the muscles of the foot or the foot. (In the hospital, under general anesthesia, the thigh will be manipulated on the spot, or surgery may be required.)
Usually, the hip joint dislocation is irretrievable, except in cases where the corresponding share of the socket. (In this case, in order to prevent re-displacement, the fractured socket must be surgically repaired).
SPINAL DISPLAYS
As a result of an injury, the spine can sprain either into the neck (back of the neck) or into the lumbar region (connecting the middle and lower back). This may or may not be associated with neurological deficit (paralysis).
Symptoms:
- Severe pain in the area.
- If there is paralysis, there may be a decrease in sensation or lack of sensation below the point of damage.
- If the body is paralyzed below the level of the injury, a loss of the bladder and intestines will occur.
NOT
- delay transportation in any way.
- displace any movement of the spine.
As soon as possible, throw the person to the hospital in the position in which he lies, because a change of position may worsen his condition. In the case of paralysis below the point of injury, early treatment plays a crucial role in the final recovery.
OTHER DISPLAYS
Other surface dislocations include elbow joint, finger joints, and ankle joints.
Symptoms:
Pain, swelling and inability to move the affected joints.
First aid:
NOT
- try to click the joint in place, no matter how easy it may seem, because damage to a nearby nerve or blood vessel during the process may lead to long-term complications or may result in the part of the nearest bone that was not originally present.
The elbow joint can be placed in a triangular sling to ensure its support, until a person can be taken to hospital.
If the ankle is dislocated, the victim should not walk or put pressure on the affected leg. It should be transported to transport, and then from the vehicle to the hospital.
The dislocations of the finger joints may seem insignificant, but they also need the attention of an orthopedic surgeon, who usually presses them into place under local anesthesia. However, if there are complications, surgery may be required.
