In recent years, the incidence of skin cancer worldwide has worsened, and the condition now affects millions of people around the world. A common cause is prolonged exposure to harmful ultraviolet radiation from sunlight. The risk is higher if someone lives or takes holidays in areas with intense sunshine. It is believed that the recent depletion of the ozone layer has played a role in increasing the incidence, since the ozone layer acts as a shield against harmful ultraviolet light. In addition, mysterious cabins that use ultraviolet light can cause this cancer. People with good skin are especially susceptible because they have a low level of melanin, a pigment that gives skin its color and helps protect it from the harmful ultraviolet rays of the sun.
Four main types;
, Melanoma, a pigmented skin tumor that is quite serious and can be life threatening.
Basal cell carcinoma, the most common skin tumor that is locally invasive and destructive (it destroys tissue in close proximity), but usually does not spread and does not cause death.
, Squamous cell carcinoma, which is three times less likely to occur in basal cell carcinoma, but behaves in the same way.
, Bowen's disease, cousin of flat cell carcinoma, but more remarkable, involving only the outermost layer of skin.
A typical basal cell carcinoma is a raised, round-oval pearl-like relief with a red color due to the ingress of thin red blood vessels or into it. Sometimes some small bumps form a circle. They bleed easily and sometimes ulcerate. Squamous carcinoma is less well defined, has irregular, poorly visualized boundaries and may be scaly, cortex-red, with a rough surface. Bowen disease is usually a red or pink memorial hill with very clear boundaries. Basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma tend to occur in areas of the skin exposed to the sun.
Causes: The cause of the cancer is unknown. However, it is believed that squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma are associated with the accumulation of sunlight throughout life. People with fair skin have these tumors more often than people with dark faces. It is believed that malignant melanoma is associated with numerous severe sunburns in childhood, adolescence or youth. It also occurs more often in people with light pigment, especially with blue or green eyes, freckles and almost white skin. The trend towards the development of melanoma looks in families.
Symptoms:
, Skin lesions with persistent ulceration or bleeding
, Permanent skin lesion that changes size, shape or color (skin changes).
Diagnosis: A biopsy should be performed for any suspicious skin lesions. When assessing skin lesions, the doctor usually looks for good and bad signs. Bad symptoms include
Uneven pigmentation or color of lesion
, Irregular cords
asymmetry
Highlighted mark
. Large size (larger than pencil eraser)
Treatment:
Treatment: Surgical treatment was required.
Surgical treatment: all types described above can be assessed by removal and removal of the tumor. Surgical removal results in a more than 90% cure rate for non-pigmented tumors (basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and Bowens disease). Alternative methods to eradicate cancer include the use of freezing with liquid nitrogen (cryosurgery) or scrapers with curetta and burning tissue with electric cautery (electrical drying and curettage).
Treatment of melanoma depends on the thickness of the tumor and the depth of invasion during examination with a microscope. When the tumor is thin and refined, an examination of the lymph nodes draining the skin area and chemotherapy.
Prevention: prolonged exposure to the sun increases the risk of this cancer, so limiting the effects of the sun is the best prevention, especially for people with light-colored skin. Most of them occur on the head, neck and arms, so clothes (wide-brimmed hats, long sleeves) and the use of a solar unit with a sun protection factor of 15 provide adequate protection.
